Rome’s Bioparco Zoo Implements Targeted Cooling Measures During Intense Heatwave
On June 26, 2024, staff at the Bioparco Zoo in Rome responded to a forecast of 36 – 37 °C temperatures by delivering frozen fruit, vegetables, fish and specially prepared ice treats to a variety of animals, including giraffes, hippos, tapirs, capybaras, lemurs and seals. The initiative was part of a broader plan to keep the zoo’s residents comfortable while encouraging natural foraging and play behaviours.
Animal‑Specific Cooling Enrichment
Each species received enrichment tailored to its dietary preferences and thermoregulatory needs:
- Giraffes and hippos were offered large blocks of frozen watermelon and cucumber, encouraging them to lick and chew the cooling treats.
- Tapirs, capybaras and lemurs received frozen fruit mixes (berries, banana slices and apple chunks) placed in shallow water to stimulate natural foraging.
- Seals were given fish‑infused ice cubes that float in their pools, prompting them to chase and manipulate the icy enrichment.
According to Yitzhak Yadid, the zoo’s zoological director, these frozen enrichments not only lower body temperature but also stimulate species‑appropriate behaviours that can be reduced during periods of heat stress.
Infrastructure Adjustments for Heat‑Sensitive Species
Beyond edible cooling, the zoo modified its physical environment for the most vulnerable animals:
- Chilled pools were maintained for seals, with water temperature kept below 25 °C to prevent overheating.
- Air‑conditioned shelters were provided for amphibians and certain reptiles, which Yadid noted require stable, cool microclimates to avoid fatal desiccation.
- Indoor holding areas for primates and small mammals were equipped with portable air‑conditioning units and misting fans.
These adjustments align with recommendations from the Italian Health Ministry’s heat‑wave guidance, which advises institutions housing temperature‑sensitive wildlife to provide active cooling and shaded refuges when ambient temperatures exceed 35 °C.
Official Heat Alerts and Zoo Response
On the same day, Italy’s Health Ministry issued its highest level heat warning (level 4) for large parts of the country, including Lazio, where Rome is located. The warning urged public and private entities to implement protective measures for both humans and animals.
The Bioparco Zoo’s response was coordinated with the municipal civil protection agency, which monitors real‑time temperature data from the Italian Meteorological Service. By aligning its actions with official alerts, the zoo demonstrated a proactive approach to animal welfare during extreme weather events.
Environmental and Welfare Benefits
The zoo reports that the cooling strategy delivers dual benefits:
- Animal welfare: By maintaining core body temperatures within species‑specific ranges, the risk of heat‑related stress, reduced appetite, and lethargy is minimized.
- Environmental impact: Keeping animals active and engaged reduces the likelihood of lethargic behaviour that can lead to increased enclosure maintenance (e.g., more frequent cleaning of soiled bedding) and helps preserve natural behavioural rhythms, which contributes to the overall ecological simulation the zoo aims to provide.
These outcomes are consistent with peer‑reviewed studies on zoo‑based thermal management, which highlight that enrichment‑based cooling can improve both physiological markers (such as respiratory rate) and behavioural indicators of well‑being.
Looking Ahead
As climate models predict more frequent and intense heatwaves across southern Europe, the Bioparco Zoo plans to refine its cooling protocol. Future steps include installing permanent shade structures, expanding the use of geothermal cooling for aquatic habitats, and continuing staff training on recognizing early signs of heat stress in a broad range of taxa.
By integrating expert knowledge, official guidance, and innovative enrichment practices, the zoo aims to set a benchmark for responsible wildlife care during extreme weather conditions.
